CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY I

Maria Helena L. Souza, CCP (Br)

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QUESTIONS

1. The first heart sound represents:

atrial filling
closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
blood flow through the aorta
ventricular contraction

2. The QRS complex of the EKG represents:

atrial depolarization
atrial repolarization
ventricular repolarization
ventricular depolarization
all of the above

3. The P wave of the EKG represents:

atrial depolarization
atrial repolarization
AV nodal discharge
left atrial contraction
all of the above

4. The average cardiac output in a normal adult is approximately:

2 l/min
3 l/min
4 l/min
5 l/min
6 l/min

5. Regarding the arterial pressure in a given point of the vascular system, the following statements are correct except:

it is directly proportional to the blood flow
it is directly proportional to the blood viscosity
it is directly proportional to the vessel length
it is directly proportional to the vessel radius

6. The mean hydrostatic pressure forcing fluid out of the caplaries is the normal circulation measures approximately:

10 mmHg
15 mmHg
17 mmHg
25 mmHg
28 mmHg

7. In the normal circulation which of the following structures would be exposed to the lowest pressure ?

pulmonary arteries
venae cavae
pulmonary veins
arterioles
aorta

8. Epinephrine is postulated to be a strong beta trasnmitter substance, but is able to affect both alpha and beta receptors.

true
false

9. This diagram represents intra-aortic and intraventricular pressure curves during the normal cardiac cicle. The point marked A indicates:

closing the aortic valve
dicrotic notch
ventricular relaxation
opening the aortic valve
none of the above

10. This diagram represents intra-aortic and intraventricular pressure curves during the normal cardiac cicle. The point marked B indicates:

closing of the aortic valve
dicrotic notch
ventricular relaxation
opening of the aortic valve
none of the above

11. Since the contractile mechanisms are similar in the various kinds of muscle, the principal differences in their function arise from differences in the mechanisms for excitation and control.

true
false

12. According to Dodge et al., the left ventricles of normal subjects contain some 70 to 80 ml. +/- 10 to 20 ml. per sq. m. of body surface at the end of diastole with 65 to 95 per cent of that volume ejected during systole.

true
false

13. All of the following can influence stroke volume except:

blood viscosity
ventricular filling
total blood volume
ventricular compliance
duration of diastole

14. The peak systolic pressure in the central aorta is determined largely by the left ventricular strole volume, the peak rate of ejection and the distensibility of the aortic walls.

true
false

15. Although heart would still function quite adequately without atrial contraction, the milking action of atrial contraction increases the pumping efficiency of the ventricles. During exercise, the amount of blood pumped into the ventricles by the atria can account for a fraction of stroke volume approximately equal to:

30%
40%
50%
60%
70%

16. The normal heart rate at rest, in the adult, ranges between 40 and 100 beats per minute and averages about 70. In the newborn, the heart rate is about 135 beats per minute; in the elderly, about 80 beats per minute.

true
false

17. If the stroke volume of a heart is held constant, an increase in heart rate produce the following effect(s):

increase cardiac output
decrease the filling time
decrease end diastolic volume
all of the above
none of the above

18. Blood flow based on the relationship among pressure, vessel length and radius, and blood viscosity can be calculated by the law of:

Starling
Poiseuille
Newton
Reynolds
none of the above

19. All of the following phases of ventricular pumping occur during systole except:

isometric contraction
rapid ejection
reduced ejection
diastasis

20. The cells of the heart which exhibit automaticity with the most rapid rate of depolarization, and which are responsible for depolarizing the rest of the heart, are located at the:

atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers
miocytes
sinoatrial node
none of the above

C.E.Quiz is dedicated to the Continuing Education in Extracorporeal Technology.

Your comments on C.E. Quiz are appreciated. Please contact: Maria Helena L. Souza