GENERAL ISSUES IN PERFUSION

Maria Helena L. Souza & Decio O. Elias

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QUESTIONS

1. The first open heart operation consisted of closure of a secundum ASD performed under systemic hypothermia and inflow occlusion by temporarily clamping both vena cava. The pioneer surgeon was:

Lillehei
Gibbon
Mustard
Dennis
Swan

2. During pregnancy the maternal blood reaches the fetal circulation by flowing through:

ductus arteriosus
umbilical artery
umbilical veins
ductus venosus
fossa ovalis

3. Infants having critical pulmonary valve stenosis may present all of the following, except:

right atrial enlargement
right ventricular enlargement
cyanosis
left ventricular enlargement
ascitis

4. All of the followgin statements are true, regarding atrioventricular canal defects, except:

A. AVC defect is the most common cardiac defect in infants with Down's syndrome
B. The defects can be classified as partial, intermediate or complete
C. The complete form has always a single common AV valve
D. The defects can be associated with tetralogy of Fallot
E. Pulmonary hypertension is unusual during the first year of age

A
B
C
D
E

5. During the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation, when the inferior vena cava and the portal vein are both clamped, cardiac output may be reduced by as much as:

20-50%
15-40%
10-30%
5-20%
1-10%

6. The drug usually administered to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation is:

ephedrine
lidocaine
quinidine
epinephrine

7. Administration of epinephrine will cause:

A. increased heart rate
B. decreased heart rate
C. inhibition of pacemaker cells
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

A
B
C
D
E

8. Reducing body temperature from 38 to 20 degrees Centigrade increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in plasma by:

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%

9. Lidocaine is a drug frequently used to treat:

systemic hypotension
pulmonary hypertension
ventricular arrhythmias
atrial arrhythmias
all of the above

10. The drug of election to treat malignant hyperthermia is:

dantrolene
furosemide
halothane
pancuronium
lidocaine

11. The cardiac valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium is the:

mitral valve
tricuspid valve
aortic valve
pulmonic valve
eustachian valve

12. A single anomalous pulmonary vein, most commonly is anatomically attached to the:

left atrium
right ventricle
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary sinus

13. The aortic valve may have 4 or more leaflets in a heart with:

A. tetralogy of Fallot
B. transposition of the great arteries
C. truncus arteriosus
D. multiple ventricular septal defects
E. all of the above

A
B
C
D
E

14. The palliative procedure that creates an atrial septal defect to increase atrial blood mixing is known as operation of:

Blalock-Taussig
Blalock-Henlon
Blalock-Parker
Waterston-Cooley
Senning

15. The most frequent indication for liver transplant in children is:

A. inborn errors of metabolism
B. postnecrotic cirrhosis
C. acute hepatic failure
D. biliary atresia
E. primitive malignancy

A
B
C
D
E

16. Ultrafiltration is able to remove all lf the following substances, except:

sodium
urea
fibrinogen
potassium

17. All of the following are relative indications for ECMO in neonates, except:

pulmonary hypertension
meconium aspiration
diaphragmatic hernia
ventricular arrhythmias

18. In a patient with sickle cell disease, hemoglobin S mollecules can start changing shape and solubility when oxygen saturation reaches a level of:

85%
65%
50%
40%

19. The O2 consumption will increase in all of the following conditions, except:

hyperthyroidism
hyperthermia
exercise
hypertension

20. Hemophilia C would result from deficiency of factor:

VIII
IX
X
XI
XII

C.E.Quiz is dedicated to the Continuing Education in Extracorporeal Technology.

Your comments on C.E. Quiz are appreciated. Please contact: Maria Helena L. Souza